KMSKA has two works by Michaelina Wautier in its collection. A study head and Two Girls as Saint Agnes and Saint Dorothy. For the exhibition 'Turning Heads' Head Study of a Young Man was restored. An absolute added value for this expo.

Making head studies is a custom adopted by Southern Dutch artists in the 16th and 17th centuries following the Italian example. A model is studied, painted and drawn from all sides in the studio. The gaze is neutral, as is the background. The artist then uses the head in an altarpiece or mythological work where the model does get an appropriate expression and outfit depending on the role he or she may play. The same person may be a weeping Mary Magdalenda in one work and the Roman goddess Minerva in another. These head studies or 'tronies' play an important role in 'Turning Heads'.

Michaelina and 'tronies'

Head Study of a Young Man by Michaelina Wautier is the only work by a female artist in the exhibition 'Turning Heads'.

During the 17th century, female artists were supposed to limit themselves to portraits and still lifes. These genres were less highly regarded than, say, altarpieces. After all, your subject was simply sitting or lying in front of you. No hard work of the imagination was needed. The 'tronie' is therefore an atypical genre for a female artist in the 17th century.

Michaelina Wautier (1614-1685) seems to adhere to that precept in both 'portraits'. Or does she? For the young man is not a 'portrait', but a head study. And that means Michaelina had ambitious plans for it! She must have known this particular studio practice and had access to models like the young man in this study.

We know that Michaelina shared a studio with her brother Charles in Brussels and received commissions for altarpieces and mythological scenes. What we do not know is in which larger painting the young man eventually figured.

Not a 'portrait'

That Head Study of a Young Man is not a traditional portrait is evident form the way the man averts his gaze from the 'camera'. He even looks down. This goes against the rules of portraiture in the 17th century, an age when models usually look straight at you.

Clothes often give a clue as to who we see depicted. Unlike the costumes in portraits, which underline the wealth and prestige of the person portrayed, the young man's outfit seems rather composed of draped pieces of fabric found in a dressing-up case.

Hidden secrets

More expensive pigments, such as deep blue ultramarine, give a painting a more prestigious look. Often the price of these colours was included in the total cost of a work of art.

Research shows that Michaelina used a more simple mixture of basic red and white for the pink. These rather cheap pigments that the artist used can confirm that she made the work as a study, on her own initiative and did not want to waste expensive pigments on a 'draft'. And just with the use of these more simple means, Nonetheless, Michaelina proved herself a true master at rendering fabrics even with more simple means..

Signed

Michaelina signed Head Study of a Young Man. This is somewhat strange for a study, which normally ended up as reference material in a personal archive. Presumably, Michaelina found a buyer for the work. Not unthinkable, because in 17th-century Brussels there is a market for this kind of work. Michaelina thus placed her full name on the work in graceful letters, possibly at the buyer's request. And at the same time, Michaelina undeniably states: this is my work.

The recent restoration of this painting makes the signature more clearly visible. The work may be the only painting by a woman in the 'Turning Heads' exhibition, but it is most certainly one with a clear statement.

Practical information

The exhibition 'Turning Heads 'will run until 21 January 2024.

This exhibition is a collaboration between KMSKA and National Gallery of Ireland. After the expo closes at KMSKA, the expo 'Turning Heads' will travel on to Dublin (24.02.2024 - 26.05.2024).